Organic Chemistry – Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acids Handwritten Notes
Importance of the Chapter: Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids
1. Major Part of Organic Chemistry
This chapter contains reactions that form the foundation of Class 12 Organic Chemistry.
Many mechanisms (nucleophilic addition, oxidation, reduction) start from here.
2. High Weightage in Board Exams
Every year, boards ask:
- 1–2 short questions
- 1 long question (4–5 marks)
- 2–3 MCQs
Expected marks: 8–12 marks in Class 12 board exam.
3. Very Important for NEET & JEE
- NEET asks 2–3 MCQs from carbonyl compounds.
- JEE Main frequently asks questions on:
- Aldol condensation
- Cannizzaro reaction
- Iodoform test
- Reactivity order
- Nucleophilic addition
4. Basis for Higher Studies
These functional groups are used in:
- Drug design
- Polymer chemistry
- Biochemistry (glucose, proteins contain carbonyl groups)
5. Industrial Importance
Aldehydes, ketones and acids are used to manufacture:
- Perfumes and fragrances
- Plastics & resins
- Pharmaceuticals
- Solvents
- Food preservatives
6. Helps Understand Reaction Mechanisms
This chapter builds concepts like:
- Nucleophilic addition
- Oxidation–reduction
- Decarboxylation
- Condensation reactions
These mechanisms reappear in almost all other organic chapters.
7. Most Important Named Reactions
The chapter includes key reactions:
- Aldol condensation
- Cannizzaro reaction
- Haloform reaction
- HVZ reaction
- Clemmensen & Wolff–Kishner
These are frequently asked in exams.
8. Connects to Everyday Life
These compounds are found in:
- Vinegar (acetic acid)
- Vanillin (aldehyde)
- Acetone (ketone)
- Citric acid, lactic acid (acids)
READ ALSO : Halo alkane and haloaremes