Climate class 9 notes | best notes pdf

Climate class 9 notes | best notes pdf

what is the difference between weather and climate class 9

Q1.what is the difference between weather and climate?

Ans: Difference Between Weather and Climate

Weather	Climate
Weather refers to the day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere.	Climate refers to the average weather pattern of a place over a long period (30–35 years).
Changes frequently – even within minutes or hours.	Changes very slowly over many years.
Example: Rainfall today, temperature this afternoon, wind speed now.	Example: Rajasthan has a hot and dry climate; Kerala has a humid climate.
It tells us what is happening right now.	It tells us what usually happens in an area over years.
Measured by daily temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, etc.	Measured by long-term averages of temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc.

why does India have monsoon type of climate class 9

Q2.why does India have monsoon type of climate ?

Ans: India has a monsoon type of climate because of the following reasons:

1. Differential Heating and Cooling of Land & Water

• Land heats up and cools down faster than water.
• In summer, the Indian landmass becomes much hotter than the Indian Ocean, creating low pressure over land and high pressure over sea.
• This causes moist winds from the ocean to blow towards India → Monsoon winds.

2. Shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

• In summer, the ITCZ (a low-pressure belt) shifts northwards over India.
• This pulls in the south-west monsoon winds that bring heavy rainfall.

3. Presence of the Himalayas

• The Himalayas act as a barrier and stop the cold winds from Central Asia.
• They also force moisture-laden monsoon winds to rise, causing orographic rainfall.

4. Uneven Heating of Sea Water

• The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal heat unevenly.
• This helps create two distinct monsoon branches:
  • Arabian Sea Branch
  • Bay of Bengal Branch

Climate class 9 notes | best notes pdf

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What are the factors affecting India’s climate class 9

Q3.what are the factors affecting India’s climate ?

Ans: Factors Affecting India’s Climate

India’s climate is influenced by a combination of geographical and meteorological factors.
The main factors are:

1. Latitude

• India lies between 8°N to 37°N.
• Places near the Equator (South India) are hotter, while those near the Tropic of Cancer have moderate climate.

2. Altitude

• Temperature decreases with height.
• Himalayan regions are much cooler than the plains.
• Example: Shimla is cooler than Delhi.

3. Distance from the Sea (Continentality)

• Coastal areas (Mumbai, Chennai) have moderate climate.
• Interior areas (Delhi, Jaipur) have extreme temperatures.

4. Relief or Mountain Ranges

• The Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia.
• They also force monsoon winds to rise → heavy rainfall.
• Western Ghats force Arabian Sea monsoon winds to rise → heavy rainfall on windward side.

5. Wind and Pressure Systems

These include:

• South-West Monsoon
• North-East Monsoon
• Jet Streams
• Cyclones & depressions

They decide rainfall pattern, timing, and intensity.

6. Ocean Currents

Example: El Niño affects monsoon strength.

Warm and cold ocean currents in the Indian and Pacific Oceans influence temperature and rainfall.

what are the elements of weather and climate class 9

Q4.what are the elements of weather and climate ?

Ans:Elements of Weather and Climate

Both weather and climate are described using the same basic elements:

1. Temperature

• Degree of hotness or coldness of the atmosphere.
• Affects evaporation, air pressure, and wind movement.

2. Atmospheric Pressure

• The weight of air above an area.
• Determines wind movement — winds blow from high pressure to low pressure.

3. Wind

• Movement of air.
• Depends on pressure differences.
• Includes direction, speed, and type of wind.

4. Humidity

• Amount of moisture (water vapour) in the air.
• High humidity means more moisture; low humidity means dry air.

5. Precipitation

• Any form of water falling from the atmosphere:
  Rain, snow, sleet, hail, drizzle.

6. Cloud Cover

• Amount and type of clouds in the sky.
• Helps predict rainfall, storms, and temperature changes.

7. Sunshine

Affects temperature and evaporation.

Duration and intensity of sunlight received.

Climate class 9 best notes pdf